Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV)Pronounced: RES-pi-ra-to-re sin-SISH-al VI-rus
by
Laurie Rosenblum, MPH DefinitionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of many types of infections of the respiratory system. The term respiratory system refers to the lungs and breathing passages. These infections include: These infections are common. They are usually most severe in infants, young children, and older people. However, these infections can happen at any age. In severe cases, RSV infections can cause death.
Causes TOPRSV is spread through infected fluids in the mouth and nose. The virus most often enters the body from touching the mouth, nose, or eyes. It can also be spread by inhaling droplets from a sneeze or cough. RSV is spreads easily. It can survive on surfaces and objects for hours. It is easily passed from person to person. Virus shedding usually lasts for 3-8 days, but may last for up to 4 weeks. Risk Factors TOPRSV is more common in infants and young children, especially under 2 years old. Other factors that may increase your chance of RSV include:
Symptoms TOPThe symptoms of RSV infection vary with age and previous exposure to RSV. Very young children, elderly people, and people with chronic diseases are more likely to have severe symptoms. In children younger than 3 years old, RSV can cause illnesses such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Symptoms may include:
In children older than 3 years old, and healthy adults, RSV typically causes an upper respiratory infection or cold. Symptoms commonly include:
Diagnosis TOPYou will be asked about you or your child's symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. A variety of tests are available to diagnose RSV. Lab tests called antigen detection assays are commonly done using secretions from the nose. Treatment TOPIn most cases, antibiotics are not needed because the infection is caused by a virus, not bacteria. Mild InfectionsMild infections such as colds do not need special treatment. The goal is to ease the symptoms to reduce discomfort while the body fights the virus. For symptom relief, try the following:
Severe InfectionsPeople of all ages can develop severe infections from RSV. However, it is most common in very young people. Severe infections include pneumonia and bronchiolitis. These may require treatment in a hospital. This treatment is aimed at opening up breathing passages. It may include:
Prevention TOPTo help reduce your chance of RSV:
RESOURCES:American Lung Association http://www.lung.org Kids Health—Nemours Foundation http://www.kidshealth.org CANADIAN RESOURCES:About Kids Health—The Hospital for Sick Children http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca Health Canada https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada.html References:
Bronchiolitis. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at:
http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115760/Bronchiolitis. Updated August 21, 2017. Accessed September 21, 2017.
Respiratory syncytial virus. American Lung Association website. Available at: ...(Click grey area to select URL) Accessed September 21, 2017. Respiratory syncytial virus. Kids Health—Nemours Foundation website. Available at: ...(Click grey area to select URL) Updated September 2015. Accessed September 21, 2017. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: ...(Click grey area to select URL) Updated March 7, 2017. Accessed September 21, 2017.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in adults. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at:
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Last reviewed September 2017 by EBSCO Medical Review Board
Kari Kassir, MD Last Updated: 9/12/2016 |
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