Definition

Shock is the inadequate blood flow threatens the function of multiple organs. Shock is a potentially life-threatening condition. The sooner it is treated, the better the outcome. If you suspect someone is in shock, call for medical help right away.

Causes    TOP

Some causes of shock include:

• Heart failure
• Heart attack
• Spinal cord injury
• Systemic infection— sepsis
• Other severe infection
• Allergic reaction
• Poisoning
• Loss of blood volume (hypovolemia)—this can be from severe bleeding or severe dehydration
• Heatstroke
• Trauma
• Severe hypoglycemia
• Stroke

Risk Factors    TOP

Factors that may increase your chances of shock:

• Pre-existing heart or blood vessel disease
• Impaired immunity
• Severe allergies
• Severe trauma
• Diabetes

Symptoms    TOP

The symptoms of shock depend on the cause.

Symptoms may include:

• Weakness
• Altered mental status
• Cool and clammy skin
• Pale or mottled skin color
• Decreased urination
• Slow heartbeat
• Slow and shallow or rapid and deep breathing
• Lackluster (dull) eyes
• Dilated pupils

Symptom of Shock Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Diagnosis    TOP

A physical exam will be done.

Tests may include the following:

• Breathing assessment
• Blood pressure measurement
• Heart rate monitoring
• Other testing depending on the cause of shock
  • Blood tests and cultures
  • ECG
  • Imaging tests

Treatment    TOP

Treatment options include the following:

Optimizing Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

You will receive an IV for fluids and/or blood transfusions. These will stabilize your blood pressure and heart rate.

Insertion of IV for Transfusion or Medications Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Prevention    TOP

To help reduce your chances of shock:

• Prevent or control heart or vascular disease.
• Avoid activities that put you at risk of falls or other injuries.
• Carry an epinephrine pen with you if you have a severe allergy.
• Manage conditions, such as diabetes, as advised by your doctor.