HypokalemiaHi-po-cal-e-me-uh
by
Cynthia M. Johnson, MA DefinitionPotassium is a mineral that is needed to help the heart, kidneys, and other organs function. Hypokalemia is lower than normal levels of potassium in your blood. All cells within the body need potassium. It works to regulate water and mineral balance throughout the body. Low levels can cause muscle and nerve problems throughout the body. It can also cause an irregular heart rate. Causes TOPPotassium enters the body through food and digestion. It passes out of the blood through the kidneys. Hypokalemia occurs when there is not enough potassium being absorbed into the body, too much potassium is removed by the kidneys, or potassium moves from the blood into the cells. Risk Factors TOPFactors that may increase potassium excretion through the kidneys:
Factors that may shift potassium into cells:
Factors that may decrease the intake or absorption of potassium:
Symptoms TOPEarly hypokalemia may not have any symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
Diagnosis TOPYou will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Testing may include:
Treatment TOPThe main goal of treatment is to increase the level of potassium in your body. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options include: MedicationsIV fluids may be given. You may also be given the following to raise the amount of potassium in your blood if it is very low:
Your current medications may be changed if they are the cause of your hypokalemia. Any underlying condition will be treated. Dietary ChangesYou may be advised to increase the amount of potassium in your diet. You may be referred to a dietitian to help you balance the potassium in your diet. Prevention TOPTo help reduce the chances of hypokalemia:
RESOURCES:Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians https://www.familydoctor.org The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists https://www.aace.com CANADIAN RESOURCES:Health Canada https://www.canada.ca The Canadian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism http://www.endo-metab.ca References:
Hypokalemia. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at:
http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115951/Hypokalemia
. Updated September 17, 2015. Accessed March 26, 2018.
Hypokalaemia. Patient website. Available at: https://patient.info/doctor/hypokalaemia. Updated January 23, 2017. Accessed March 26, 2018. Hypokalemia. NORD—National Organization for Rare Disorders website. Available at: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/hypokalemia. Accessed March 26, 2018. Last reviewed March 2018 by
EBSCO Medical Review Board
Marcin Chwistek, MD Last Updated: 2/12/2014 |
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