Definition

Torticollis is when the head turns and tilts to one side and the chin points to the other side. One shoulder may lift. It may be all the time or may come and go.

Causes

The exact cause is not known. It may be from:

• An infant's body pose before birth or during birth
• Head or neck injury
• Problems with genes
• Infection in neck muscles or bones
• Problems with the nervous system
• Ear or eye problems
• Misshapen bones or muscles in the neck
• Tumors of the head or neck
• Arthritis of the neck
• Use of certain medicines

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in women, children under 10, and adults who are 30 to 60 years old. The risk is higher in people who have other family members with this problem.

Symptoms

Muscles of the Neck Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Problems range from mild to severe. It often worsens slowly for 1 to 5 years. Then it slows and stays the same. It may last for life. It can result in problems moving and affect posture.

Problems may be:

• Rotation and tilting of the head to one side
• Stiff neck
• Painful spasms of the neck and upper back
• Poor range of motion in the head and neck
• Headache

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done.

Pictures may be needed. This can be done with:

• X-rays
• CT scan
• MRI scan

Treatment

Treatment depends on whether the problem has been since birth (congenital) or started later (acquired). Options are:

Prevention

There are no known ways to prevent this problem.