Definition

Asperger syndrome is a brain disorder. It results in social, behavioral, and communication problems.

In the past, it used to be its own condition. It is now included in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Causes

This is a neurodevelopmental disorder. This means that it is caused by problems with how the brain develops. The reason why this happens is not known. It is thought to be caused by genetics or problems during pregnancy, such as infection.

Infant Brain—Period of Rapid Development Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in boys. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Having a brother or sister who has it
• Having a mother who is 40 years of age or older or a father who is 50 years of age or older
• Problems during pregnancy or delivery
• Genetic problems

There may also be other developmental, medical, or mental health problems. The reason why is not known.

Symptoms

Problems start early in life. There may be:

• Communication and social interaction problems, such as:
  • Not looking others in the eye
  • Problems with back and forth communication
  • Not pointing or showing things to others
  • Talking about the same thing for a long time without noticing others are not interested
  • Having body language that does not match what is being said
  • Not understanding another person's body language
  • Having a strange tone of voice, such as like a robot
  • Not understanding another person's feelings and needs
• Narrow interests and behaviors, such as:
  • Strange behaviors, such as repeating words or phrases
  • Having a strong interest in specific topics
  • Getting upset by small changes in routine
  • Being sensitive to sensory input, such as noise

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. You will also be asked questions about behavior, social skills, and communication abilities. Parents will be asked about their child's behavior. A physical will be done.

Tests will be done to learn more about how the person's brain works. This can be done with neuropsychological tests. The tests will be given by a care team that is experienced in diagnosing ASD.

These tests may be done to rule out health problems that have similar symptoms:

• Blood tests
• Hearing tests

An electroencephalogram (EEG) may also be done to record brain activity.

Treatment

The goal is to improve function and quality of life. Most people who are treated can learn how to cope with this problem.

Treatment should be started early. Options are:

• Speech and occupational therapy to improve function
• Social skills training to improve how a person relates to others
• Applied behavioral analysis to improve behaviors, such as communication and social skills
• Services that provide support in school
• Mental health counseling
• Medicine to help manage symptoms, such as anxiety

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent this health problem. The cause is not known.