Definition

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare problem that causes the immune system to attack the nerves. This results in muscle weakness.

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Causes

The exact cause is not known. In some people, it is triggered by a recent infection.

Risk Factors

Guillain-Barré syndrome is more common in men. The risk gets higher with age. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Recent infection
• Stress-related disorder
• Recent vaccination (rare)

Symptoms

Problems may happen over hours, days, or weeks. It will get worse over time. Problems may be:

• Weakness and tingling in the legs, arms, and face
• Pain in the legs or back
• Problems walking or climbing stairs
• Problems breathing
• Eyesight problems
• Problems swallowing, speaking, or chewing
• Problems urinating

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. This is often enough to make the diagnosis. These tests may be done to support it:

• Lumbar puncture to test the fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord
• Nerve conduction and electromyography studies
• Lung function tests

Treatment

The goal is to manage symptoms and help speed healing. Hospital care will be needed to watch for things like breathing and heart problems. Most people get better, but others may have lasting problems.

Treatment choices are:

Prevention

There are no guidelines to lower the risk of this health problem.