Sodium

Sodium is found in table salt and many other foods. Most canned and processed foods have it in high amounts. When the kidneys are not working as they should, extra sodium can cause:

• Fluid buildup
• High blood pressure

To lower your sodium:

• Do not eat high-sodium foods.
• Do not add salt to foods when you cook or eat.

Use herbs and spices to add flavor to your food. Salt substitutes often contain potassium. You may also need to limit this mineral.

Potassium

Potassium is found in many fruits and veggies. It is needed for your muscle and heart health. Potassium can build up in the blood in people who have kidney failure. This causes problems with how the heart works. You will need to limit the amount of potassium you take in each day. Do not eat high-potassium foods, such as potatoes, tomatoes, citrus fruits, avocados, bananas, and dried fruit. You may be able to eat some high-potassium food in very small amounts. Talk to your dietitian about how much is right for you.

Phosphorous

Phosphorous is another mineral that needs to be limited. It can draw calcium out of the bones when it builds up in the blood. This causes your bones to weaken. Phosphorous is found in protein-rich foods, such as dairy products, meat, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Whole grains and cola also contain it. You may be able to eat some of these foods in very small amounts. Talk to your dietitian about how much is right for you.

Your doctor may also have you take a phosphate-binder. This medicine soaks up extra phosphorous and it leaves the body in your stool.

Protein

The kidneys of people with renal disease cannot process the waste products from protein as well as they should. Your dietitian will give you a daily protein limit. Here are some common high-protein choices and their serving sizes:

Many protein foods are also high in phosphorus and sodium. You need to limit or avoid these foods. Your dietitian will tell you how many servings you can take in each day.

Fluid

You may need to limit your fluid intake. Taking in too much fluid can cause it to build up. This can lead to:

• High blood pressure
• Edema