Definition

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a virus that can cause mild to severe infections of the lungs and breathing passages.

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Causes

EV-D68 passes from person to person through infected fluids of the mouth and nose. When an infected person coughs or sneezes the virus becomes airborne. A nearby healthy person may then inhale the virus. The virus can also exist on a surface once it has been touched by an infected person. The virus can then be transferred when a healthy person touches that surface and then touches their mouth or nose. Not all people who come in contact with the virus will develop an infection.

Risk Factors

Infants are at increased risk of infection because their immune system has not fully developed. Children and teenagers are at increased risk due to high rate of exposure, poor use of preventive hygiene methods, and a lack of previous exposure that would protect from the virus.

Factors that may increase a child’s chances of a respiratory infection:

• Asthma
• Wheezing

Symptoms

Mild symptoms are similar to a common cold and include:

• Fever
• Runny nose
• Sneezing
• Cough
• Muscle aches

More severe symptoms may include:

• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Your bodily fluids may be tested if there is a severe or long lasting infection. Evidence of EV-D68 may be found with:

• Nasal mucus test
• Throat culture
• Stool tests
• Blood tests
• Lumbar puncture to test the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options include:

Prevention

There is no vaccine available for EV-D68. To help reduce the chances of a respiratory infection:

• Wash your hands often. This is especially important after touching someone who may have a cold or other infection.
• Avoid touching your face and rubbing your eyes.
• Do not share items such as cups, glasses, silverware, or towels with people who may have a cold or other infection.
• Disinfect frequently-used surfaces, such as counters and doorknobs.
• Manage asthma or wheezing conditions as advised by your doctor. This may include getting an influenza vaccine.