Definition

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins. They are found in and around the anus and lower rectum. External hemorrhoids grow under the skin around the anus. Internal ones grow inside the anus.

Hemorrhoids Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

The exact cause not known. It may be due to:

• Chronic constipation that results in straining during bowel movements
• A buildup of pressure or fluid inside the belly, such as from pregnancy or health problems

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in older adults. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Having any of the problems that cause hemorrhoids
• Having other family members who have hemorrhoids
• Sitting on the toilet for long periods of time
• Chronic coughing
• Chronic diarrhea
• Obesity
• Long term use of enemas or laxatives
• Liver disease

Symptoms

Some people may not have symptoms. Others may have problems that range from mild to severe. Common ones are:

• Bleeding, which may be seen:
  • On stool
  • On toilet paper
  • In the toilet bowl
• Anal itching and burning
• Swelling and pain during bowel movements
• Sensitive lumps around the anus

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam may be done. It will focus on the anal area. An anoscope may be used to see internal structures. This is often enough to make the diagnosis.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to ease symptoms and promote healing.

Prevention

To lower the risk of this problem:

• Do not strain or read while having a bowel movement.
• Treat constipation.
• Drink plenty of fluids during the day.
• Eat a high fiber diet.