Definition

Fifth disease is a viral infection that most often happens in children. The infection can cause a mild rash on the face, trunk, arms, and legs.

Fifth Disease Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

This problem is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. It is found in saliva, sputum, and mucus. It is spread from person to person through contact with these fluids.

It can also spread through blood. A pregnant woman who is infected can pass the virus to her baby.

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in children. Pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems are at high risk of severe illness.

Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Contact with an infected person
• Jobs that require close contact with infected people, such as healthcare workers and teachers
• Exposure to contaminated blood or blood products

Symptoms

Some people do not have symptoms. Those who do may have mild flu-like symptoms, such as:

• Fever
• Headache
• Stuffy or runny nose

People may also have a bright red rash on their face. It may spread to the face, trunk, arms, and legs. Adults may also have joint pain and swelling.

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may be asked if you have had contact with anyone who has the infection.

Blood tests may be done to look for signs of parvovirus antibodies.

Treatment

Most people get better on their own with rest. Pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems will need to be monitored closely for problems.

Supportive care during recovery may include:

• Over the counter pain relievers
• Corticosteroids to ease joint pain

Prevention

The risk of viral infection may be lowered by:

• Practicing proper handwashing
• Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
• Not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth
• Avoiding close contact with people who are infected