Infertility in Men(Male Infertility)
by
Julie Riley, MS, RD DefinitionInfertility is not being able to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected sex. About one-third of infertility is caused by male factors and one-third are caused by female factors. In the remaining cases, the cause is unknown or is related to problems with both partners. Men are considered infertile if they:
CausesPortions of the brain called the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, as well as male reproductive organs such as the testes affect fertility in men. Problems in any of these areas may decrease fertility. In about half of the cases, a cause cannot be found. Some factors that can contribute to infertility include:
Risk FactorsFactors that may increase your chance of developing infertility include:
SymptomsInability to have a child after one year of trying to conceive. DiagnosisDuring the first visit, you and your partner will both be evaluated. You will be asked about your symptoms, medical history, and work history. Your doctor will look for potential exposure to certain chemicals. Your doctor will also look for physical problems that might cause infertility. Your bodily fluids and tissues may be tested. This can be done with:
Images may be taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with: Other tests may include:
TreatmentTreatment depends on what is causing the condition. Treatments can be costly and lengthy. They often are not covered by insurance. Lifestyle ChangesLifestyle changes may include:
MedicationIf you have a hormonal imbalance, your doctor may prescribe medication. Clomiphene citrate, for example, is an anti-estrogen drug. In combination with vitamin E, it may help increase sperm count and improve sperm movement. SurgerySurgery is done for conditions like varicocele that can affect fertility. Treatment of a varicocele does not always restore fertility. Surgery may also be done to reverse a vasectomy. This reversal is not always successful. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)ART involves using human sperm and eggs or embryos in a lab to help with conception. The eggs and sperm can be from you and your partner or donated. ART methods include:
PreventionTo help reduce your chances of infertility:
RESOURCES:Reproductive Facts—American Society for Reproductive Medicine http://www.reproductivefacts.org Resolve—The National Infertility Association https://resolve.org CANADIAN RESOURCES:Men's Health Centre http://www.menshealthcentre.net Sex & U—the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada https://www.sexandu.ca References:Infertility. Protect Your Fertility website. Available at: ...(Click grey area to select URL) Accessed December 18, 2017.
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Last reviewed November 2018 by
EBSCO Medical Review Board
Adrienne Carmack, MD Last Updated: 1/29/2018 |
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