Urinary Tract Infections in Childhood(UTI in Childhood)
by
Cynthia M. Johnson, MA DefinitionThe urinary tract carries urine from the kidneys to the outside of the body. It includes the kidneys, bladder, and tubes that connect them. The tubes from the kidney to bladder are called ureters. The tube from the bladder to the outside of the body is called the urethra. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any of these structures.
CausesUTIs are caused by bacteria. The bacteria may enter the bladder or the kidneys. Risk FactorsFactors that may increase your child's chance of a urinary tract infection include:
SymptomsSymptoms include:
DiagnosisYou will be asked about your child's symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor may also ask for a urine sample. Follow the doctor's directions on collecting your child's urine. Your child's bodily fluids may need to be tested. This can be done with:
Imaging tests may be ordered if your child is a boy with a UTI or a girl after her second UTI. These infections may be associated with problems in the urinary tract. The test may include ultrasound or specialized scans and x-rays. TreatmentTalk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for your child. Treatment options include: AntibioticsAntibiotics will help fight the bacteria that is causing the infection. Your child will most likely be given antibiotic pills or liquid to take by mouth. Finish the medication even if your child is feeling better. Some severe infections may need to have antibiotics delivered by IV or an injection. FluidsEncourage your child to drink plenty of fluids. This will help to flush the bacteria out of the system. It will also decrease the concentration of the urine. This may make it more comfortable to urinate. Pain and Fever ReliefUTIs can be uncomfortable and may cause fever. Your child's doctor may advise over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers. Follow the instructions on the package. Note —Aspirin is not recommended for children with a current or recent viral infection. Check with the doctor before giving your child aspirin. PreventionTo help reduce your child's chances of a urinary tract infection:
RESOURCES:Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians http://familydoctor.org National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov CANADIAN RESOURCES:About Kids Health—The Hospital for Sick Children http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca Health Canada https://www.canada.ca References:American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and management of initial UTI in febrile infants and children aged 2 to 24 months.
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Last reviewed March 2018 by
EBSCO Medical Review Board
Kari Kassir, MD Last Updated: 5/5/2014 |
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