Hydroxyurea

Hydroxyurea helps the body produce more normal red blood cells. The cells do not block blood vessels as often. Most people who take this medicine need fewer blood transfusions than those who do not. It can also reduce the number of pain episodes.

Some problems may be:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Increased risk of infection
• Skin, hair, and nail changes

L-glutamine

L-glutamine powder can be mixed in food or drinks. It may help reduce the number of pain crises.

Some problems may be:

• Constipation
• Nausea
• Headache
• Pain in the belly, back, chest, hands, and feet
• Cough

Voxelotor

Voxelotor may help reduce anemia. It helps red blood cells keep their normal shape.

Some problems may be:

• Headache
• Belly pain, diarrhea, or nausea
• Tiredness
• Fever
• Rash

Crizanlizumab

Crizanlizumab is given as an injection. It can help reduce the number of pain crises.

Some problems may be:

• Nausea
• Pain in the back or joints
• Fever

Penicillin

Penicillin is given to children up to age 5. This is to prevent infections such as pneumococcal pneumonia. It is sometimes given to adults, too.

Some problems may be:

• Diarrhea
• Allergic rash
• Birth control pills may not work
• False results on blood sugar tests—in people with diabetes

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Common names are:

• Indomethacin
• Ketorolac
• Ibuprofen
• Naproxen

NSAIDs are given to treat pain. They may be given over-the-counter or by prescription. It depends on the type and dose.

Some problems may be:

• Lightheadedness
• Belly irritation
• Peptic ulcers
• Kidney injury

Opioids

Common names are:

• Vicodin
• Hysingla
• MS Contin
• Dolophine
• OxyContin
• Dilaudid
• Fentanyl
• Nucynta
• Butrans
• Belbuca

Opioids are given to treat pain. They can slow breathing. They should not be mixed with alcohol. They should not be taken with other pain medicines or sedatives.

Problems may be:

• Lightheadedness
• Sleepiness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Constipation
• Dry mouth

Aspirin

Aspirin helps control inflammation and reduce pain. It should be taken with food.

Problems may be:

• Belly irritation
• Ringing in the ears
• Worsening of asthma
• Increased bleeding time

Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen eases mild pain. It also treats fevers. High doses of this medicine can damage the liver. Alcohol should be avoided while using this medicine.