Definition

Rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the vagina. Gas or stool may leak from the bowel into the vagina.

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Causes

A rectovaginal fistula is caused by an injury to this area. It may be caused by physical trauma or a medical condition.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your risk of rectovaginal fistula include:

• Crohn disease
• Complications following surgery to the perineum (area between vagina and rectum), vagina, rectum, or anus
• Injuries during childbirth
• Radiation treatment or cancer in the pelvic area
• Perianal infection

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Passing stool or gas via the vagina
• Inability to control bowel movements
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Persistent pain in the pelvic area

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may need to see a colon and rectal surgeon.

Your bodily structures may need to be viewed. This can be done with:

• Anorectal ultrasound—a small wand-like instrument provides a video image of the rectum and anus
• Methylene enema—a tampon is placed in the vagina and methylene blue is placed into the rectum to identify movement of fluid from rectum to vagina
• Contrast studies— barium enema may be used to view a rectovaginal fistula that cannot be seen on physical exam
• Endoscopy—a thin, lighted tube is inserted into the rectum to examine the rectum and the lower colon (to rule out irritable bowel disease)

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Treatment options include the following:

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent rectovaginal fistula.