Uterine Prolapse

Definition

Uterine prolapse is when the uterus slips into or extends past the vagina.

Causes

This problem happens when the muscles and ligaments that support the uterus become weak.

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in women over 70 years of age. It is also more common after menopause. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Multiple vaginal deliveries
• Obesity
• Pressure in the belly due to chronic cough, constipation, or heavy lifting

Symptoms

Some women may not have symptoms. Others may have:

• Pelvic pressure, heaviness, or pain
• Pain during sex
• Tissue that slips or extends past the vagina
• Vaginal discharge
• Problems passing stool
• Problems passing urine, such as urgency and frequency

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical and pelvic exam will be done. This is often enough to make the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment may be needed if the prolapse is causing symptoms. The first steps may help to ease symptoms and delay the need for surgery. First steps may include:

• Kegel exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles
• Estrogen therapy to prevent further weakness of the pelvic floor
• A device placed in the vagina to prop up the uterus and bladder

Prevention

The risk of uterine prolapse may be lowered by:

• Staying at a healthy weight
• Limiting heavy lifting
• Avoiding constipation
• Doing exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor