Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Age

Bone building slows down as bone loss speeds up. This is normal as you age. But it makes the chances of having osteoporosis higher.

Genetics

Having a family member with osteoporosis raises the risk. This is especially true if someone has or had a broken hip. Certain genetic diseases also raise the risk.

Diet

Not getting enough calcium or vitamin D is a main cause for osteoporosis. Other links to bone loss are too much alcohol or caffeine use. Eating a balanced diet with a lot of different foods is best.

Lack of Physical Activity

Regular physical activity keeps bones strong. Not exercising causes weaker muscles and poorer balance. This can lead to falls and broken bones.

Smoking

Smoking disrupts bone and joint health. Low bone mass is more common in people who smoke.

Bone Structure and Body Weight

People who are underweight or have a small frame are more apt to get osteoporosis.

Lack of Sunlight

Sun on the skin is the main source of vitamin D. Vitamin D helps grow strong bones. People who do not get enough sun may have low vitamin D levels. This can also happen if a person does not eat enough foods with vitamin D.

Race and Ethnic Background

White, Asian, and Hispanic women are more likely to have osteoporosis. This may also be true in men, but to a lesser degree.

Medicines and Health Problems

The long term use of certain medicines such as:

• Corticosteroids
• Immune system suppressants
• Chemotherapy
• Gonadotropin releasing hormone
• Antidepressants
• Anti-seizures
• Aluminum antacids
• Proton pump inhibitors
• Long term heparin therapy
• Glitazones—used to treat diabetes

Talk to your doctor before stopping or changing medicines.

Long term health problems such as:

• Celiac disease
• Crohn disease
• Stomach removal
• Diabetes
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Asthma
• Chronic kidney disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Depression
• Certain cancers